Electric vehicles: a review of their components and technologies

The number of electrical vehicles (EVs) on the road has increased in recent years, including battery-electric (BEV), hybrid-electric (HEV), plug-in (PHEVs), and fuel-cell electric (FCEV). This mode transportation is expected to eventually replace internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, based current trends. Each key EV component integrates several technologies that are either currently use or have potential become prominent future. Environmental, power systems, other industries may be adversely affected by (EVs). With sufficient penetration, system could subjected severe instabilities; nevertheless, with proper management coordination, EVs can significantly contribute success smart grid concept. Moreover, cut transportation-related emissions greenhouse gases. However, there still considerable barriers must overcome before they completely ICEs. purpose this study review all relevant information available architectures, battery energy sources, charging processes, control approaches. Its goal provide a comprehensive overview technology.